No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This is, of course, a book about computers and information systems, and we cover these subjects thoroughly, without abridgment. However, many instructors have told us that having the material presented in just 12 chap- ters, rather than the customary 14 or 15 or more, better suits their teaching approach. Chapters are organized according to the topic coverage of traditional intro- ductory computer texts. Thus, most instructors can continue to follow their present course outlines. NOTE: The text allows for a good deal of instructor flexibility. After Chap- ter 1, the remaining 11 chapters may be taught in any sequence, or selec- tively omitted, at the instructor's discretion. To make this possible, the authors have occasionally repeated the definitions of key terms throughout the text (also a part of the book's deliberate strategy of reinforcement).----Barcha huquqlar himoyalangan. Noshirning oldindan yozma ruxsatisiz ushbu nashrning hech bir qismini qayta ishlab chiqarish, qidiruv tizimida saqlash yoki biron-bir shaklda yoki elektron, mexanik, nusxa ko‘chirish, yozib olish yoki boshqa vositalar bilan uzatish mumkin emas. Kompyuterlar va axborot tizimlari haqidagi kitob va biz bu mavzularni qisqartmasdan, har tomonlama yoritamiz. Biroq, ko'plab o'qituvchilar bizga odatiy 14 yoki 15 yoki undan ko'p emas, balki atigi 12 bobda taqdim etilgan material ularning o'qitish uslubiga mos kelishini aytishdi. Bo'limlar an'anaviy kirish mavzulari yoritilishiga ko'ra tuzilgan. asosiy kompyuter matnlari. Shunday qilib, ko'pchilik o'qituvchilar ularga rioya qilishni davom ettirishlari mumkin kurs rejalarini taqdim eting. QAYD: Matn o'qituvchining yaxshi moslashuvchanligini ta'minlaydi. 1-bo'limdan keyin qolgan 11 bob o'qituvchining ixtiyoriga ko'ra istalgan ketma-ketlikda o'qitilishi yoki tanlab tashlab qo'yilishi mumkin. Buni amalga oshirish uchun mualliflar vaqti-vaqti bilan matn bo'ylab asosiy atamalarning ta'riflarini takrorladilar (shuningdek, kitobning qasddan mustahkamlash strategiyasining bir qismi).